Settler Colonialism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Settler Colonialism - Essay Example From this study it is clear that the invasion by the European colonialist gave birth to cultural changes. Many native settlers adopted the colonial culture, ushering new era of modernity in the society. Colonial master used forceful methods to rule the natives, thus changing the administration systems in the society. Largely history records the contribution of settler colonialism in immigration of people. The intention of this paper is to evaluate the contribution of settler colonialism in history of immigration policy in United States and Australia. The introduction of immigration policies by colonial masters brought the following changes in the society population, socially and economically. Colonialist invaded many countries using the super military powers and influenced the lives of the native settlers. Settler colonialism entails internal and external colonialism. The two aspect of settler colonialism affected immigration policies in countries such as United States of America. Eu ropean settler colonialist who came into the United States changed the social system of the society. Immigration is a process where an individual leaves his native land to settle in a foreign land. The intention of immigration includes search for better climatic conditions, land for agriculture or business. Settler colonialism refers to a situation where a foreign nations invade, conquer and a rule a foreign territory. Settler colonialism is an act that runs throughout human history; the difference lies in the manner and period in which settler colonialism took place. Colonialism involves leaving a native country to settle as a conqueror in a foreign land. Settler colonialism fostered colonization of foreign land by establishing their rule and settling in that land. This process of settling and establishing colonial rule contributes to immigration policies, which favored the colonialist as the legitimate landowners. Largely, colonialist are immigrants who have conquered a foreign la nd and established their policies. Several historical facts illustrate settler colonialism and its effects to immigration. Upon settlement of settler colonialists, the native lost their legitimacy in the society. In 1848, United States of America waged a war with Mexico leading to the conquest of some part of Mexico. As the paper highlights history records that this action of United States led to change in boundary of the two nations. The entry of the Mexican people to United States territory was through settler colonialism. Today many Mexican immigrants still believe that they existence in the United States of America was not by choice, but through conquest. Largely, the conquered groups had no choice, but to be adherent to the policies and social systems introduced by the settler colonialist. History reveals that the United States used its military and political power to influence the signing of the Guadalupe Hidalgo treaty. Arguments against signing of the treaty indicated that the intention of United States was to usurp the natural resources found in Mexico. Notably, the argument is true. Industrial revolution in the United States led to the arrival of the first Asians in Hawaii. The Asians came under the auspice of Royal Hawaiian Agricultural Society and occupied land through the assistance of the settler colonial process in a period when United States was under siege of British colonialist.

Keynesian macroeconomics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Keynesian macroeconomics - Essay Example However, large changes in available technology, especially regression is very difficult to support (Summers, 1986). Second, RBC theory assumes that fluctuations in employment reflect changes in the amount people want to work. Because employment fluctuates substantially while the determinants of labour supply - real wage and the real interest rate - vary only slightly, these models require that leisure be highly substitutable over time. This assumption conflicts with many studies (for example, Altonji, 1986); it also conflicts with the belief that high unemployment in recessions is largely involuntary. Third, real business cycle theory assumes that monetary policy is irrelevant for economic fluctuations, this challenges the Keynesian argument that any correlation of money with output arises because the money supply is endogenous (King and Plosser, 1984). Very little evidence supports this theory. A different approach to the business cycle is the sectoral shift theory, which emphasizes the costly adjustment of labour among sectors (Lilien 1982, Black 1987). According to this theory movement of labour from one sector to another occurs in response to market fluctuations and recessions are periods during which there are more sectoral shocks and thus a greater need for sectoral adjustment. If this were to be true we would observe high unemployment accompanied by high job vacancies during a recession - this is not correct (Abraham & Katz, 1986). In fact the measured movement of workers is opposite i.e. very low during recession (Murphy & Topel, 1987). Advocates of the sectoral shift theory argue that it is possible that since the process of sectoral adjustment requires a period of high unemployment and low income, it lowers the demand for the products of all sectors. Thus, we might observe low vacancies and low movement during recessions, even if recessions are initially caused by the need to reallocate labour among sectors. In this form, it is not clear how to distinguish empirically the sectoral shift theory from real business cycle theories that emphasize economy-wide fluctuations in technology or Keynesian theories that emphasize fluctuations in aggregate demand. The debate over the RBC theory boils down to four issues: 1. Do changes in employment reflect voluntary changes in labour supply 2. Does the economy experience large exogenous productivity shocks in the short run 3. Is money really neutral in the short run 4. Are wages and prices flexible in the short run Do they adjust quickly to keep supply and demand in balance in all markets Satisfactory answers have not been found to these questions within the framework of the RBC theory. New Keynesian Macroeconomics The single theme that identifies Keynesian economics is the belief that economic fluctuations do not reflect the optimal response of the economy to changes in tastes and technology, but some sort of market failure on a large scale. The market imperfection that recurs most frequently in Keynesian theories is the failure of wages and prices to adjust instantly to equilibrate supply and demand. The short-run